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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： & }+ a% v3 Y; s- K4 n0 ^, }2 o9 Bmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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% v0 d' g% m3 [/ s, d5 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 @+ t! Q% S- h9 s9 K
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& Q `4 r5 r* u9 f% J+ ?& x7 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：: T2 J3 F$ q' Y8 E" n4 G6 ~
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5 Z: Q$ ]! G2 ^. g/ S/ E2 Q, w9 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。' t2 j( _- H% e9 L ]color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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5 \7 m( a7 I& B- {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。5 v* F p: L: v) Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。" G/ z$ ~. M) a. W6 _* smso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？# ^; t3 I7 r& d4 C. b) Q ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。* t) I. C/ d9 d& ~2 c7 x2 E
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; S( O' ? S0 A. UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢9 W$ ?7 [: `; c+ q _mso-font-kerning:0pt"> : D4 q! ` p8 P) x) ^
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; A8 N$ N5 u, lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 P8 L4 g) t1 O9 `& u( d
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: V5 R/ j* ~0 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的1 v5 y5 _. w% ^/ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"% t0 J; q- P# D, h4 p2 w& v ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新: Z5 Z# B+ \9 j7 Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 c! B$ k: @) {
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2 @# N. M! l0 a9 ^2 x1 a( y- UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白. x8 a+ l8 c0 z3 u8 e0 w0 @
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' t( `, \) f# A+ WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学: x5 U; ? T! |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% w! ~0 D9 J/ P$ K$ C. @. }, m, [/ P T7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">——, d& D1 q2 K' ^# K+ e* w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？/ _8 E5 f9 [, b% y4 O t6 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 C* [* j0 @, P% v) S( r. M' E" efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 M! p- M' T4 H) t# R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说- }1 p0 Z7 P) r# U8 n ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">") ^. z* Z9 Q1 ^; e) d k/ O
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. U1 I5 n0 K: N9 C) O/ |( }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善) h$ _, `6 r% k$ Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> : l2 B4 H9 E9 k; tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; H4 t8 I9 W. N: W
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* {- h- M7 X+ N6 ITahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚9 l# ]7 ]1 i% L4 S7 D& x" nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 a5 A6 J4 A* f/ n' B( y6 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！2 B6 c1 Z! y6 g$ B5 n% }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( U" q& w4 E2 u& S! v, _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 _# a( I1 N X, b) i! c4 U/ qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是" ^1 b; a. z# H( a) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" A7 H2 p& ^( c+ o: M0 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
$ q8 P3 l. T) W4 }3 v9 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题1 V, `! J2 ?0 m& F2 E- ~& umso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 a% `$ x' k9 m7 m' jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 V: [9 e) @- L( e- Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。, J6 A4 C8 A5 U) D2 U2 G Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 `! | x) L9 ]# e3 ~5 M- d
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; R$ v; j0 e8 E! }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴' q1 V( n' a0 D1 d6 X4 R( k4 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”% v9 t$ }$ j( @: R! l+ _' B
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# u. `3 j0 [: T# C% Z( r* u8 Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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