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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; W4 _8 N( l; Y, i% M, m3 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：* `8 V0 L4 f+ G% b' U2 ?' s8 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">"; P. R/ _, P1 T6 i6 u' v6 s# ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 f+ Z- K) b- H, O4 Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。* X0 S3 X+ @8 }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。5 z& f3 R" l, H: {/ W w$ k0 L3 Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% x) |/ e. E+ {( ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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/ _: L% a4 y/ Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经" F) w$ V O# i8 V& v
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- a' p6 _" m( R& o( C0 }) Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。9 w: k- u% \% q! M9 g
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5 u% G" I3 \0 a' `0 d p0 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是& I3 L' V7 B3 u+ |8 K5 Y- g0pt">‘5 V5 u) O4 B' ^ s# PTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
8 S) M4 ?1 C. I& M) \mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。1 ~' c( h1 E3 S8 e5 w; r: a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？: d2 A" g( `4 o* D% h& i( |- ]) g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，8 m" \; [4 J5 Y1 K+ q" I
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" ~1 q8 F- ^9 d3 ?5 B' N! k9 T: Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪3 h6 R5 B) }/ H) m( R+ L
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐, Y( I' e( G$ u& Q: S/ c* N10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 S1 R- [+ M, c+ _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# X' c' ~- Z% l6 `' |
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种5 T6 b$ e7 k- W# {! t4 ` ?
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* R- I8 o" I) b% f. F5 n# ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">立3 i. l& X- c( |% b) ?$ E' \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ A- T+ D! j6 W' r R/ E; y4 j
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- x2 H9 [( m6 m2 y" k" n# k, }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的$ K4 h- m3 o/ X* F$ p; T/ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐% q( @* O2 w% G- \1 K. h1 \/ ^
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1 }: j! @1 n+ Q: i' k6 T+ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，; i. }: |' f, `+ Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; @ H B0 S! L c$ Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( R% j$ z: c' ?/ E; _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教, l. s5 i/ k/ a- S: b" A2 n& n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教6 J8 g+ k) ~$ n. |4 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”- H& @, J; U3 ?0 x2 @7 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。4 y" J4 S1 N8 G( V' I6 ~6 w$ Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌$ b0 O+ l; o3 ?+ I: m: Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">305 A9 e! w' J+ V! g" a
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, a2 S \9 b" U5 H) qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：' P9 S& j4 V: B; j+ e8 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。9 C( Y$ Z" X8 V) |! E1 L# Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 ?( V2 G2 J; s+ j0 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 d/ ]& X! }9 k1 }, e! l) R$ Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语! e3 M! Q; T7 `; ^: Z) jmso-font-kerning:0pt">•! x1 I3 E7 o, A+ Y* B* t% K# r9 r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）* e* s, x) M8 amso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 e- `. V: P& E* o# i' c1 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) P! E* n8 M# _3 K( v6 ]" m! e$ ]( }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。& Y4 M5 B0 G" E4 N$ [7 I7 x( R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过% M% j3 k: L: G3 W. N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨8 h5 `/ { m: z2 ~, v3 |( v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人& ~3 \. e! C9 u# H- k! [; s+ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 a% i0 R9 T* D A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。# t2 K0 j1 K0 m/ @3 ?& }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。* Y( j& N, \; j. b' h. }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 k' o S) U) n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" K. B$ D. |7 ~' f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃3 k* Z: X' l7 W3 y0 j* D7 G& S5 L0 G
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8 Q3 w/ i4 B* J% g9 O s1 n5 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”! {6 ^2 s$ F; H6 U3 ~" Q& j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。' K: ^& W# Q: t$ w/ e% y) f; amso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ T2 `3 q( E$ J8 Q! [3 {' T5 n7 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。 B' C2 r3 K* Y) d/ O6 F- J
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( }& ~$ q& V, `% d4 M; D9 @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于4 w/ D, V( O5 T) R+ o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨+ K) a. x5 h- a( W/ O" R% t; `+ P) w
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, f7 b7 L0 t% I9 _6 ^4 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓4 _8 N* T, @' f8 Y- }7 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“* m) o0 c' E; `1 c/ `$ [, afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 a. m6 ~' k6 }. s" M/ H
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( A: W# @1 m, K1 ?0 d' F+ `8 _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓' |# `2 {% U' C8 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“- G1 o! u* s$ `; d" `% C* M
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7 B! y6 w: |5 J; R6 o; f0 I, V3 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓) C$ l/ H9 W3 @- Z" Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“) h* ]* C( K8 l0 m6 |5 y" Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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- e# m- ]: w4 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓 A% ], X$ l3 E) m4 n# ?1 G6 L8 X* qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ p q" R# g$ ^8 {2 h. R, }) [: ]9 g5 N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼) ~4 n( B8 j! T- T: W& O: K# f! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- z1 ~$ Y% K4 c* p
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤- z/ C. I# w1 T5 S, C3 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”% `, D) j5 Z4 {
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7 L' b# {3 ^! q( F( i) q7 R& Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 i% q- O- W+ X( F8 ]
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( T+ `$ p" [4 k, }2 h/ e# rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能; c9 b5 h6 S7 v; X) x7 {8 X# ? [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 A# A9 V$ F$ w7 M g* Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒$ W% K) J7 {: B/ C+ ^; amso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 V u" K8 c) s8 m0 z1 M: e1 O
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% G s/ n% r- @: a& \3 T% gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹+ Y7 m2 j/ K# m$ z1 A5 c7 d
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! o/ u% M& l; a* A1 c' dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人% x: J. v& p9 |0 S$ E. H$ o$ |" A3 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 ]3 P6 M+ H0 d4 z$ Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: x- g% C8 F4 k- W. p+ v; l6 P' H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪8 G9 s! C9 D4 a" o8 y! D, y
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5 }/ d% X( d- o; |" x8 Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。 T+ n# Z/ ]. z' r' `9 ^% A
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* T2 U. l& S" @* jTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：2 K9 P: w& y7 T* f) z1 J9 [& M
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4 o# h, v; X2 S# e: VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。1 C5 X0 Y/ c6 V* T& L
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* D1 c* o k, s2 L% oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理! b3 k: f0 c( j t# U/ H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。% v4 J( B+ d* j" J# \3 s* c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱$ A0 R w: ~6 z! W: `3 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* X% x4 u$ q$ e" a" mTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：) v9 ~! v, \& @3 r, p/ [0pt"> , g/ ]1 K% L7 v' {8 K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧1 o9 Z6 | f |' z) _5 S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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