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( r( Q) u! E0 |/ o* A) Q' YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网' ?( T9 k- d# `6 `( n" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ+ {- X# w( }: m" `* O1 ~1 r
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+ G! `' L6 ~% d' Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。- u- o! h: H! V+ s2 C8 a! o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第8 ?2 d! b) t# b7 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">57 r: j8 R, X( w3 T/ V; |$ n( t. Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:- Y5 W+ g7 g @+ Q" {$ rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& J& h# r9 L3 x4 s Imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;+ W0 z' h4 u6 Q. m% A! y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。% x0 N3 m; p+ z- d" Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ o3 q- P2 i4 P7 Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;# ?/ ~. r: n+ w7 V1 o' G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:9 F1 ^/ y3 }3 l3 {7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 _, f+ W3 @; K; m! H* ^0 T
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/ ?0 }# l+ Z- r- jmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。( N9 x6 z5 D7 e$ {color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”" H, n& V+ B7 s7 T/ X: f4 A- v8 q/ m4 wTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;, n6 h0 U: s! X' Q7 r) z4 x5 }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:3 v- x# k2 I! J5 C( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 m. F$ M1 U# U( ~8 c# c/ @. h$ U+ v
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?; l. V( Y3 U; d9 k$ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 I7 g) L; C& ~$ dmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;3 @! r* P4 e: S- ]0 J; Z
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# ?& i& E! M+ e+ _* jmso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。7 U4 s; z3 N; u3 G1 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。8 m% S, J" r# \( v9 o2 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! c9 U. ~9 A7 w2 b, {+ Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:! \) h; U3 Q% i* U
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7 d- j% k! R2 E6 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。# h4 R, v) E$ ^5 B7 y
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h5 O* u/ A, ?& n2 p5 g5 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:3 v% M. W0 C7 x% S6 d
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。' r$ O; T2 V7 S" ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"' k. q$ G/ h3 k8 J% S0 O
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$ G! R! C1 C3 {- H5 @' ?( rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:$ Q" f) c0 T. ^# y, j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢0 t' Q3 U0 J4 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 7 ]( z5 P( T+ ]' ~+ v
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/ _9 m3 @7 X% t: _5 F+ L' e$ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:3 F% G% x2 ]' q+ _& D# F, emso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 H8 O3 Z5 U0 ~* ^2 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! V7 [/ O e9 s* R) W- W0 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。" |3 y2 R0 S3 }8 V/ o: S J1 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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, X2 I% h4 m4 z. jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是* P& |6 G! C4 _- j/ ^! N7 ~# C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得# o" U2 s# Y4 N, o- o) c3 I. ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 D; O M. P% w8 @1 A6 O% z' R1 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 t3 a1 h+ w4 B2 V6 {/ n
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$ Y; V' D6 g8 A% ~/ K: {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲5 N6 H8 Z+ ?8 B+ ^# _, D
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& c# ~# p, q" d% p0 g$ Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违4 z. {0 { i4 D+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">”. U( z( C$ D$ e9 m& ~8 x9 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
- E$ q( A' Y; {) u0 A+ l! g' Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,! E/ L! S6 q! c/ \$ b& `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。 f6 W- V' z9 m4 O& {' t' d9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ D1 |8 x3 i& K% D8 N# vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 ?/ p7 _3 T7 F* q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。/ |; ?% R6 G3 ^+ X- ?7 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝? q6 G7 S- O! F; S8 S" y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。( v; O, L' a/ F; _% Y0 ] Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义: Q& @4 J9 A( r/ ]% |% @7 E1 y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!. x! p% Y" g( h! ~. r2 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, m( _$ N+ F M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。/ x( U% w- C) j9 z* S0 a7 _) gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# K; m' Y0 u K! U$ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊" {! y% Y" y* ^' ~/ E- {3 V6 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ n4 S4 i' F! W l8 P! I" qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。 [/ `9 [2 i' F4 O7 N
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孝经
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% }# k2 l. m9 M& D3 J& yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。( b; Z1 B7 Y. f ~/ f/ c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。/ H3 t8 H4 O( S( k$ e+ b6 w) q/ V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:! j& x& u- W1 \ h7 E
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( M! ]: X, v* y7 Q& Q. Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。) R8 e$ N6 R: A3 R0 u0 U9 l9 \! A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个0 l; y2 l- S, _- j/ k5 T+ W/ c
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0 ]4 q, B- ^) N( G. g: E$ u) ?2 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬0 U$ A% k1 G9 Z0 f! a4 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">” `0 v) s5 {; _8 _/ Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;1 W% z. e# M; l3 ]) r6 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为" @. w. ~ B2 w* `
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/ o$ N1 J' g/ ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。% W. [; A5 e% z* A% Y$ F+ \7 `
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* A" V; i$ L' I9 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的- Y. t7 Q' Z! b& `. d" u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思# ?& D" h: {- b3 g; U- d; Q
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